What is Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM)?
Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is a condition in which the trachea (windpipe) and bronchi collapse during breathing. This airway collapse can cause severe shortness of breath, chronic cough, recurrent respiratory infections, and significant breathing difficulty.
In adults, TBM is often misdiagnosed as asthma, COPD, anxiety, or unexplained chronic cough. Many patients suffer for years before receiving a proper diagnosis.
CureTBM is dedicated to increasing awareness, improving diagnosis, and advancing research for this underrecognized airway disease.
Understanding Airway Collapse
In a healthy airway, the trachea and bronchi remain open during both inhalation and exhalation.
In tracheobronchomalacia (TBM), the airway walls are weakened and the cartilage supporting the airway may be soft or damaged. During exhalation, the airway can narrow significantly or collapse.
In severe cases, the airway may collapse more than 50–90% during breathing. This type of collapse is sometimes referred to as dynamic airway collapse or excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC).
Symptoms of Tracheobronchomalacia
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Shortness of breath, especially when talking or lying down
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Chronic barking or metallic cough
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Recurrent bronchitis or pneumonia
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Wheezing that does not respond to asthma medication
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Difficulty clearing mucus
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Fatigue from breathing effort
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Feeling like the airway is closing
How is Tracheobronchomalacia Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) often requires specialized testing because standard breathing tests may appear normal or only mildly abnormal.
The gold standard test is dynamic bronchoscopy, performed while a patient breathes naturally to directly visualize airway collapse.
Additional testing may include inspiratory and expiratory CT scans, pulmonary function testing, and flow-volume loop analysis.
Treatment Options for TBM
Treatment for tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) depends on the severity of airway collapse and the patient’s overall health. Not all patients require surgery, and management is highly individualized.
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CPAP or BiPAP therapy
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Airway clearance therapy
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Nebulized medications
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Pulmonary rehabilitation
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Temporary airway stenting
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Tracheobronchoplasty surgery
Living With Tracheobronchomalacia
Living with tracheobronchomalacia can affect daily life in ways others may not see. Simple activities like talking, walking, bending over, or lying down can become exhausting. Many patients spend years searching for answers before receiving a diagnosis.
The physical symptoms are challenging, but the emotional toll of not being believed or understood can be just as difficult. With proper diagnosis, education, and support, patients can make informed decisions and regain a sense of control.
No one should struggle to breathe without answers. Every breath matters.
Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is often misunderstood and underdiagnosed. Below are answers to common questions to help patients, families, and caregivers better understand this complex airway condition.
Frequently asked questions
Have additional questions or looking for support? CureTBM is dedicated to advancing research, increasing awareness, and helping patients navigate life with Tracheobronchomalacia. Together, we can improve diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes.